Business Calculators
From break-even analysis to cash flow projections — our free business calculators cut through the spreadsheet complexity and give you the numbers that matter for your business.
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Profitability & Pricing
Margin, markup, break-even, and pricing strategy
Growth & Metrics
ARR, MRR, churn, LTV, and SaaS metrics
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Business Glossary — Key Terms Explained
- Gross Profit Margin
- Revenue minus cost of goods sold, expressed as a percentage of revenue. Gross margin = (Revenue − COGS) ÷ Revenue × 100. Higher is better — SaaS companies often achieve 70–85%+ gross margins.
- Break-Even Point
- The revenue level at which total income equals total costs — no profit, no loss. Break-even units = Fixed Costs ÷ (Price − Variable Cost per Unit).
- CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)
- Total sales and marketing spend divided by the number of new customers acquired in a period. A healthy SaaS business recovers CAC within 12 months.
- LTV (Lifetime Value)
- The total revenue a business expects from a single customer account. LTV = Average Revenue Per Customer ÷ Churn Rate. Healthy ratio: LTV should be at least 3× CAC.
- MRR / ARR
- Monthly/Annual Recurring Revenue — predictable subscription revenue. Key SaaS metrics. ARR = MRR × 12. Growth in ARR is the primary metric for subscription business health.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a healthy profit margin for a small business?
It varies significantly by industry. Retail: 2–5% net margin. Restaurants: 3–5%. Consulting: 15–30%. Software/SaaS: 20–40%+ at scale. Net margins below 5% leave little buffer for downturns. Focus on gross margin first — if you can't generate healthy gross margin, scaling won't fix it.
How do I calculate my break-even point?
Break-even units = Fixed Costs ÷ (Selling Price − Variable Cost per Unit). If fixed monthly costs are £5,000, you sell widgets at £25 each, and each widget costs £10 to make: Break-even = 5,000 ÷ (25 − 10) = 333 units per month.
What's the difference between markup and margin?
Markup is profit as a percentage of cost. Margin is profit as a percentage of revenue. A 50% markup on a £10 cost item = £15 selling price = 33% margin. They're different numbers from the same transaction — make sure you know which one you're using when discussing pricing.
What is a healthy LTV:CAC ratio?
Most investors and SaaS benchmarks target LTV:CAC ≥ 3:1. Below 1:1 means you're losing money on every customer. Between 1:1 and 3:1 is marginal. Above 3:1 is healthy; above 5:1 may indicate underinvestment in growth.