Cooking Calculators
Scale recipes up or down, convert between measurement systems, and calculate cooking times with our free cooking calculators — designed for home cooks and professional kitchens alike.
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Recipe & Conversion
Recipe scaling, unit conversion, and serving adjustments
Temperature & Time
Oven temperature, cooking time, and food safety
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Cooking Glossary — Key Terms Explained
- Tare (Zero)
- Resetting a kitchen scale to zero after placing a bowl on it, so you only measure the ingredient weight. Most digital scales have a tare button. Allows weighing multiple ingredients in the same bowl.
- Fan/Convection Oven Adjustment
- Fan ovens circulate hot air and cook faster. Reduce conventional oven temperature by 15–20°C (25–35°F), or reduce cooking time by 10–15%. Example: 180°C conventional = 160–165°C fan.
- Gas Mark
- UK oven temperature scale used on older recipes. Gas Mark 4 = 180°C = 350°F = 160°C fan. Gas Mark 1 = 140°C; Gas Mark 9 = 240°C.
- Mise en Place
- French culinary term meaning 'everything in its place' — preparing and measuring all ingredients before cooking begins. Prevents errors, missed ingredients, and timing issues during cooking.
- Internal Temperature
- Core temperature of meat when measured with a probe thermometer. Food safety requires: chicken 74°C (165°F) throughout; beef medium-rare 57°C (135°F); pork 63°C (145°F); fish 63°C (145°F).
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I convert cups to grams?
Cups to grams depends on the ingredient because density varies. 1 cup of water = 240g. 1 cup of flour = 120–130g (spooned and levelled). 1 cup of sugar = 200g. 1 cup of butter = 227g. 1 cup of rice (uncooked) = 185g. Always use weight measurements for baking accuracy — volume is imprecise for dry ingredients.
How do I convert an oven recipe to an air fryer?
General air fryer conversion: reduce temperature by 20°C (35°F) and reduce cooking time by 20–25%. Example: oven recipe at 200°C for 30 minutes becomes air fryer at 180°C for 22–24 minutes. Check food 5 minutes before converted time — air fryers vary in efficiency. Always check internal temperature for meat.
How long should I cook a chicken per kg?
Roast chicken: 20 minutes per 500g plus 20 minutes extra, at 190°C (170°C fan). A 1.5kg chicken: (20 × 3) + 20 = 80 minutes. Rest for 10–15 minutes before carving. Internal temperature at the thickest part of the thigh (not touching bone) must reach 74°C (165°F).
How do I scale a recipe for more or fewer servings?
Multiply all ingredient quantities by (desired servings ÷ original servings). For a recipe serving 4 that you want for 10: multiply every ingredient by 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5. Note: leavening agents (baking powder, yeast) don't always scale linearly — for large multiplications, check specific guidance for baked goods.